
Corundum
Ruby ↗
Ruby is the red variety of corundum, the mineral species that also includes sapphire. Its name describes a gem variety; it does not, by itself, establish natural origin, treatment status or the quality of an individual stone.

The KhyatiGems Gemstone Encyclopedia
Explore gemstone properties, treatments, origins and care in the KhyatiGems Gemstone Encyclopedia.
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A considered place to begin
Begin with a name, follow a question and look beyond colour. The encyclopedia brings gemstone properties, treatments and care into one place.
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Khyati Precious Gems Private Limited is the company behind KhyatiGems. We bring together gemstone information and a direct way to ask questions before making a choice.
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Corundum
Ruby is the red variety of corundum, the mineral species that also includes sapphire. Its name describes a gem variety; it does not, by itself, establish natural origin, treatment status or the quality of an individual stone.

Corundum
Blue sapphire is a blue variety of corundum. It shares its mineral species with ruby and sapphires of other colours. The familiar blue name does not identify a particular geographic source or establish that a specimen is untreated.

Beryl
Emerald is a green to bluish green variety of beryl. Aquamarine belongs to the same mineral species, but the names describe different varieties. The boundary between emerald and lighter green beryl is not expressed identically by every expert or laboratory.

Quartz
Purple quartz belongs to the same mineral species as citrine. Colour zoning and crystal form can be interesting features, but neither establishes natural origin or treatment status.

Beryl
Aquamarine is the green-blue to blue variety of beryl. It shares its mineral species with emerald, but its colour range and variety name are different. A pleasing blue appearance does not establish that an individual stone is untreated.

Biogenic material
Pearls form in mollusks. Cultured pearls involve human intervention in their formation, but cultured does not mean imitation.

Documentation and evidence
Understand what a laboratory report records, match its details to the gemstone and recognise the limits of a photograph or a name.
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Gemstone education
Keep material identity, natural or laboratory origin, and imitation separate when reading a gemstone description.
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Gemstone education
Ask what treatment was performed on the individual gemstone, what evidence supports that description, and whether it changes the care required.
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Gemstone education
Read the identification, detected treatments and stated scope of a laboratory report before drawing conclusions about an individual gemstone.
Read guide →Guide illustrations are brand artwork. Reference photographs are identified within individual articles.
Where to buy
Explore information here, then contact the team about a particular gemstone or purchase channel.
Where to buy →Start with the gemstone index. Read the material description, treatment information and sources, then ask about any detail that remains unclear.
A photograph is useful for appearance, but does not establish natural origin, treatment status or geographic provenance.
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